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微地震监测 4

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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure layered cavity expansion theory triaxial fracturing test cohesive soil

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Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0718-8

摘要： Facial support in slurry shield tunneling is provided by slurry pressure to balance the external earth and water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing may occur and cause a significant decrease in the support pressure if the slurry pressure exceeds the threshold of the soil or rock material, resulting in a serious face collapse accident. Preventing the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in a slurry shield requires investigating the effects of related influencing factors on the hydraulic fracturing pressure and fracture pattern. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing apparatus was developed to test the slurry-induced fracturing of cohesive soil. The effects of different sample parameters and loading conditions, including types of holes, unconfined compressive strength, slurry viscosity, and axial and circumferential loads, on the fracturing pressure and fracture dip were examined. The results indicate that the fracture dip is mainly affected by the deviator stress. The fracturing pressure increases linearly with the increase in the circumferential pressure, but it is almost independent of the axial pressure. The unconfined compressive strength of soil can reflect its ability to resist fracturing failure. The fracturing pressure increases with an increase in the unconfined compressive strength as well as the slurry viscosity. Based on the test results, an empirical approach was proposed to estimate the fracturing pressure of the soil.

关键词： slurry shield tunneling hydraulic fracturing test fracturing pressure fracture dip unconfined compressive strength slurry viscosity

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低渗油藏人工裂缝监测技术在现河地区的应用

肖淑明,吕志强, 郭志华,刘雪青

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 65-69

摘要：

针对高压低渗透油藏渗透率低、孔隙度小的特点，在压裂改造时进行裂缝监测，根据监测出的裂缝方位（方向）、裂缝长度、裂缝的高度（范围）和产状以及地下主应力的方向，为下步布井和井网调整提供了依据。2008年以来，现河地区已成功实施裂缝监测79井次，为低渗透油藏的高效开发提供了有力支持。

关键词：裂缝监测低渗透压裂

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山西沁水煤层气压裂施工的横向效应

李梦溪,张聪

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 16-19

摘要：

介绍了在山西沁水盆地煤层气压裂时监测到的压裂施工的横向效应，监测使用微地震方法。发现沿人工裂缝法向方向的邻井在施工时出现气量减少、枯竭、出水等反应，沿人工裂缝走向方向的邻井反应滞后。这一发现使笔者注意到煤层气压裂施工的横向挤压作用可能即时影响邻井产量，压裂设计时应该注意到这一反应的不良影响。

关键词：煤层气裂缝水力压裂

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Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 79-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0010-9

摘要： Safety assessment of the 62 m high Sance Rockfill Dam based on long-term monitoring results and their simulation by numerical models is presented in the paper. Unexpectedly large settlements and horizontal movements of the crest together with the steep downstream slope questioned the safety of the dam. Calibrated 2D and 3D models fitting the monitoring results were applied for the safety assessment of the dam including slope stability analysis and estimation of the clay core cracking and hydraulic fracturing hazard. The modeling results contributed to the rehabilitation concept and project of the dam.

关键词： rockfill dam path dependence creep calibration cracking hydraulic fracturing hazard

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祼孔长水平井苏75-70-6H连续压裂微地震监测

王万迅,叶连池,王立治,段正中

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 4-7

摘要：

苏75-70-6H井是依靠国产技术完成的规模最大的裸孔水平井压裂井，水平段南北走向。微地震监测给出了每段压裂裂缝是否形成及形成位置、形态，指导压裂施工继续进行；监测出压裂液漏泄段，预警出现砂堵的可能；保证了压裂施工的成功，证明了国产井下工具完全可以实现多段压裂改造。监测结果准确反映指导了压裂施工过程。

关键词：压裂微地震监测裂缝

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水平井压裂裂缝监测与分析

刘建中,张传绪,赵艳波,蒋玉双,宋健兴

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 60-64

摘要：

水平井可以在不太厚的油层中增大钻井过油层范围，实现高速注、采，提高产量。有些水平井需要压裂，因此常常需要了解并控制人工裂缝形态、方位。通过微地震人工裂缝监测，研究已有的水平井压裂结果，特别是钻井水平段大体沿最大水平主应力方向的水平井压裂，了解压裂裂缝形成的机制及控制方式。通过比较，进一步提高水平井钻井水平及控缝理论。

关键词：水平井压裂裂缝微地震监测

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第三沉降带应力场研究

闫治涛,刘建中,邱金平, 金丽华

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 33-35

摘要：

介绍了第三沉降带的分布，监测得出的大量人工裂缝方向数据及由人工裂缝方向数据统计得出的最大水平主应力方向。结果表明，第三沉降带由北向南绵延１５００ km，最大水平主应力方向大体稳定，分布在５５°～７５° NE范围，多为６５° NE。由监测结果可以判断，第三沉降带的构造应力方向是南亚板块及菲律宾板块共同作用的结果。

关键词：微地震法人工裂缝监测第三沉降带最大水平主应力方向压裂施工

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定向射孔多缝压裂工艺案例分析

唐梅荣

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 105-112

摘要：

一种新型的压裂工艺在中国长庆油田试验成功，该工艺在层内压裂形成了2条独立裂缝，大幅增加了裂缝与油藏的接触面积，提高了产量。长庆油田开发的超低渗透油藏岩芯分析渗透率一般在0.5 mD以下，且受到储层条件、注采井网、压裂工艺等多重限制，常规压裂工艺改造难以实现该类油藏的有效开发。历经多年研究并结合自身实际，长庆油田于2006年提出了体积压裂的理念，通过在油层内造多缝扩大油藏的泄流体积以提高单井产量。室内物模试验研究射孔对压裂影响时观察到，当射孔方向与最大水平主应力方位存在夹角的情况下裂缝发生转向，即裂缝均先沿

关键词：定向射孔裂缝转向多缝压裂泄流体积增产

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低渗油藏裸眼水平井压裂技术及应用

潘毓兵

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 70-73

摘要：

针对大庆外围朝长地区未动用储量属于低渗透扶余油层，采用常规直井开发，单井产能低、开发效益差，为进一步提高低渗透扶余油层开发效果，通过水平井近平衡钻井、裸眼完井，减少了钻井及固井对储层污染，采用打孔管结合油膨胀封隔器工艺进行压裂改造，探索低产低渗透储层有效的开发途径。试油及投产效果表明，低渗透油藏采用近平衡钻井、裸眼完井能有效地保护储层，实施裸眼水平井储层压裂改造能够提高单井日产油，对进一步改善低渗透油藏开发效果有重要意义。

关键词：低渗透水平井裸眼完井压裂

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页岩储层网络压裂技术研究与试验

贾长贵,,李双明,王海涛,蒋廷学

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 106-112

摘要：

页岩储层压裂技术是页岩油气高效勘探开发的关键技术和核心技术。与常规低渗油气储层压裂单一长缝改善压裂效果不同，低孔极低渗的页岩压裂主要目标是形成具有有效导流能力的网络裂缝，确保压裂改造体积足够大，且经济有效。提出了页岩网络压裂有效改造体积（ESRV）的概念。在借鉴北美页岩气压裂的经验和前期国内页岩气压裂实践的基础上，针对我国页岩储层的具体特点，在压前进行评价方法、射孔参数优化、诱导复合测试压裂、网络压裂对策和排采技术等方面进行了探索性的研究，初步形成了页岩网络压裂技术，现场试验效果明显，解决了裂缝性脆性页岩压裂易砂堵、成功率低的难题。

关键词：页岩储层网络压裂

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling method development rock mechanics fractured rock rock fracturing

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Deviation correction strategy for the earth pressure balance shield based on shield–soil interactions

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0676-4

摘要： The control system presently used in shield posture rectification is based on driver experience, which is marginally reliable. The study of the related theory is flawed. Therefore, a decision-making approach for the deviation correction trajectory and posture rectification load for an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield is proposed. A calculation model of posture rectification load of an EPB shield is developed by considering the interactions among the cutter head, shield shell, and ground. The additional position change during the shield attitude correction is highlighted. The posture rectification loads and shield behaviors results can be solved by the proposed method. The influences of the stratum distribution (i.e., bedrock height in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata) on shield behaviors and posture rectification loads are analyzed. Results indicated that the increase of pitch angle in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata causes a sharp rise in vertical displacement. The bedrock height increases the magnitudes of the required posture rectification moments when h_r/D > 0.5. For a tunnel with h_r/D ≤ 0.5, the variation of h_r/D has little effect on the posture rectification moments. Finally, the posture rectifying curves based on the theoretical model are compared with the target ones based on the double circular arc interpolation method. The required results can be obtained regardless of the soil–rock compound stratum distribution. The maximum rectification moment in the rock layer is almost 12.6 times that in the soil layer. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference for moment determination and the trajectory prediction of posture rectification in compound strata.

关键词： additional position change deviation correction trajectory earth pressure balance shield mechanical model posture rectification